STUDY SKILLS - CITATIONS, QUOTATIONS, REFERENCING AND PLAGIARISM
This information is taken from:
McWillan and Weyers (2013): 1: The importance of correct citation and referencing and 13: Harvard style .
For further information on the exact details and punctuation needed for a reference list see:
HOW TO REFERENCE A BOOK (THE BASICS) - the easy bit:
http://bcotresearchblog.tumblr.com/referencebooksbasics
HOW TO REFERENCE A BOOK (THE EXTRAS) - more complicated:
http://bcotresearchblog.tumblr.com/referencebooksextras
HOW TO REFERENCE INTERNET SITES - gets tricky:
http://bcotresearchblog.tumblr.com/referenceinternetsites
McWillan and Weyers (2013): 1: The importance of correct citation and referencing and 13: Harvard style .
For further information on the exact details and punctuation needed for a reference list see:
HOW TO REFERENCE A BOOK (THE BASICS) - the easy bit:
http://bcotresearchblog.tumblr.com/referencebooksbasics
HOW TO REFERENCE A BOOK (THE EXTRAS) - more complicated:
http://bcotresearchblog.tumblr.com/referencebooksextras
HOW TO REFERENCE INTERNET SITES - gets tricky:
http://bcotresearchblog.tumblr.com/referenceinternetsites
1. CITATIONS
citation involves linking an idea within a new text to information or data derived from another source document … gives recognition to the original author by providing sufficient information from the publication details so that the reader can locate the original document, if they wish. ...
Citation can be done in two ways
2. REFERENCING
Referencing in academic writing is used for two purposes
The reason for this is
3. PLAGIARISM
Academic authors demonstrate their scholarship by writing and publishing in their own fields. They have the moral right to claim such as their own property (sometimes referred to as 'intellectual property'). Hence, the academic community requires that academic authors, whether undergraduate, postgraduate or researcher, attribute the ownership of ideas, text and other forms of work to the original writers. …
WHY IS AVOIDING PLAGIARISM IMPORTANT?
Therefore, by learning to structure and present your views with appropriate attention to the published evidence, you enhance the quality of your research and acknowledge the contribution of others to the literature. (McMillan and Weyers, 2013, pp.4-7).
4. THE HARVARD STYLE
This referencing style has the advantage of being simpler, quicker and possibly more readily adjustable than some other styles. It is used internationally in a wide range of fields and provides author/date information in the text. …
5. EXAMPLES OF HOW TO DO IT (EXAMPLES IN BLACK)
5:1 CITATIONS IN THE TEXT (PARAPHRASING)
This can be done in two ways, either leading with the information cited or leading with the author named.
5:1a Information prominent, where the information about the author is of secondary importance relative to the idea that is being reported. …
e.g. (Fairfull and Hunter, 2009).
Plagiarism is not a new phenomenon nor is it one that is confined to academia (Fairfull and Hunter, 2009).
= family name of author, comma plus date of publication all inside round brackets.
5:1b Author prominent, where the role of the author as a key player in the debate or research field is shown by incorporating the author's family name and the date of the publication within the sentence.
e.g. Cruikshanks (2012)
Cruikshanks (2012) suggested that plagiarism occurs when an idea originated by a junior member of staff is plagiarised by a senior member who portrays it as their own without any acknowledgement of the true originator of the idea.
= family name of author but with date only in brackets.
5:2 QUOTATIONS IN THE TEXT (WORD FOR WORD TAKEN FROM SOURCE DOCUMENT)
5:2a Long quotes (40+ words) should be indented in the text ... single line spacing and no quotation marks.
e.g.
As, Ivor Scott, a well-published academic author frequently cited in academic articles and other texts noted
citation involves linking an idea within a new text to information or data derived from another source document … gives recognition to the original author by providing sufficient information from the publication details so that the reader can locate the original document, if they wish. ...
Citation can be done in two ways
- by direct quotation … writing down what they wrote word for word
- by paraphrasing the idea in words that are different from those of the original author. ...
2. REFERENCING
Referencing in academic writing is used for two purposes
- providing information in the text about authorship of the original source material
- providing the publication details in some kind of … reference list or bibliography ...
The reason for this is
- to protect the intellectual property' of the original author
- to provide readers with specific bibliographical information ...
3. PLAGIARISM
Academic authors demonstrate their scholarship by writing and publishing in their own fields. They have the moral right to claim such as their own property (sometimes referred to as 'intellectual property'). Hence, the academic community requires that academic authors, whether undergraduate, postgraduate or researcher, attribute the ownership of ideas, text and other forms of work to the original writers. …
WHY IS AVOIDING PLAGIARISM IMPORTANT?
- the need to maintain your academic integrity, that is, your honesty, by giving correct attribution to sources ...
- the need to demonstrate your critical thinking skills, namely your ability to analyse complex information.
Therefore, by learning to structure and present your views with appropriate attention to the published evidence, you enhance the quality of your research and acknowledge the contribution of others to the literature. (McMillan and Weyers, 2013, pp.4-7).
4. THE HARVARD STYLE
This referencing style has the advantage of being simpler, quicker and possibly more readily adjustable than some other styles. It is used internationally in a wide range of fields and provides author/date information in the text. …
5. EXAMPLES OF HOW TO DO IT (EXAMPLES IN BLACK)
5:1 CITATIONS IN THE TEXT (PARAPHRASING)
This can be done in two ways, either leading with the information cited or leading with the author named.
5:1a Information prominent, where the information about the author is of secondary importance relative to the idea that is being reported. …
e.g. (Fairfull and Hunter, 2009).
Plagiarism is not a new phenomenon nor is it one that is confined to academia (Fairfull and Hunter, 2009).
= family name of author, comma plus date of publication all inside round brackets.
5:1b Author prominent, where the role of the author as a key player in the debate or research field is shown by incorporating the author's family name and the date of the publication within the sentence.
e.g. Cruikshanks (2012)
Cruikshanks (2012) suggested that plagiarism occurs when an idea originated by a junior member of staff is plagiarised by a senior member who portrays it as their own without any acknowledgement of the true originator of the idea.
= family name of author but with date only in brackets.
5:2 QUOTATIONS IN THE TEXT (WORD FOR WORD TAKEN FROM SOURCE DOCUMENT)
5:2a Long quotes (40+ words) should be indented in the text ... single line spacing and no quotation marks.
e.g.
As, Ivor Scott, a well-published academic author frequently cited in academic articles and other texts noted
If imitation is the sincerest form of flattery, then finding my words coming back at me verbatim in my students' essays, should make me exceedingly flattered, but, in fact makes me incredibly angry. I am not the ultimate authority in my field and I would like to have my words, thoughts and ideas challenged, not copied. (Scott, 2011, p.55).
5:2b Short quotes (fewer than 40 words) are integrated in a sentence and placed within single quotation marks …
e.g.
According to Douglas (2000) 'stealing another person's ideas is tantamount to stealing their soul' (p.82).
5:3 REFERENCE LIST PRESENTATION
Arrange references on list in alphabetical order by the first letter of the surname of the first author.
Leave double space between each entry.
In this version of the Harvard style, only the first words of book titles are capitalised. Except for proper nouns (names of people, places and organisations) all other words are in lower case.
If you need to cite two (or more) pieces of work published within the same year by the same author, then the convention is to refer to these texts as 2005a, 200b, and so on. (McMillan and Weyers, 2013, pp.143-146).
e.g.
According to Douglas (2000) 'stealing another person's ideas is tantamount to stealing their soul' (p.82).
5:3 REFERENCE LIST PRESENTATION
Arrange references on list in alphabetical order by the first letter of the surname of the first author.
Leave double space between each entry.
In this version of the Harvard style, only the first words of book titles are capitalised. Except for proper nouns (names of people, places and organisations) all other words are in lower case.
If you need to cite two (or more) pieces of work published within the same year by the same author, then the convention is to refer to these texts as 2005a, 200b, and so on. (McMillan and Weyers, 2013, pp.143-146).
REFERENCE
McMillan, K. and Weyers, J. (2013) How to cite, reference and avoid plagiarism. Harlow: Pearson.
McMillan, K. and Weyers, J. (2013) How to cite, reference and avoid plagiarism. Harlow: Pearson.
